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A Prisoner's Lamentation
Passing by Lindingyang*
Chinese verse: Wen Tianxiang (1236-1282)
English version: (Frank) Huang Xinqu
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I've taken pains reading classics to be an official,
Four bleak years have been spent in thick battles.
辛苦遭逢起一经，干戈寥落四周星。
Our land is broken like catkins drifting in the wind,
I roam here and there as duckweed buffeted by the rain.
山河破碎风飘絮，身世浮沉雨打萍。
How panic-stricken I was retreating before the Tartars!
Being a captive, I lamented over my solitary confinement.
惶恐滩头说惶恐，零丁洋里叹零丁。
Who can avert his death since time immemorial?
Let my heart remain true to shine in the annals .
人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。
这首诗是文天祥被俘后为誓死明志而作。一二句诗人回顾平生，但限于篇幅，在写法上是举出入仕和兵败一首一尾两件事以概其馀。中间四句紧承“干戈寥落”，明确表达了作者对当前局势的认识：国家处于风雨飘摇中，亡国的悲剧已不可避免，个人命运就更难以说起。但面对这种巨变，诗人想到的却不是个人的出路和前途，而是深深地遗憾两年前在空航自己未能在军事上取得胜利，从而扭转局面。同时，也为自己的孤立无援感到格外痛心。我们从字里行间不难感受到作者国破家亡的巨痛与自责、自叹相交织的苍凉心绪。末二句则是身陷敌手的诗人对自身命运的一种毫不犹豫的选择。这使得前面的感慨、遗恨平添了一种悲壮激昂的力量和底气，表现出独特的崇高美。这既是诗人人格魅力的体现，也表现了中华民族的独特的精神美，其感人之处远远超出了语言文字的范围。
Writing background: When the Song court was invaded by the Mongol Tartars,the poet - a Prime Minister rose up in heroic resistance. In 1278 he was taken prisoner by the Mongol conquerors. The enemy tried every possible means to persuade him to surrender, but of no avail. While passing by Lindingyang to the prison, he wrote this poem to voice his unyielding spirit before his death. A national hero of ancient China, he died a heroic death at the age of 46. Tr.
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